Tuesday, February 23, 2010

Binh Dinh Style and Muon Style (built between the 12th and 13th century)



From the 12th century onwards, many towns, villages and towers of the kingdom of Champa were devastated by fierce wars, which held back the development of all spheres of social life of this nation, including art the majority of monuments built at that period are found in Binh Dinh Province. They own a new style much more original than monuments dating back to the 11th century. In this period, these towers were often built on hilltops and decorated with poor patterns, which gave them a mysterious beauty. Their architecture was mainly influenced by Khmer art. Their vaults were mostly kept unchanged. The spearhead-shaped motif of these vaults was similar to that of the Po Nagar style. Overlapping spearhead shapes were sometimes surrounded by smaller ones like those of tower G1.

The art of Ly and Tran Dynasties also influenced the architecture of the towers in this period. The art of the Khmer, Ly and Tran Dynasties, together with local cultures gave Cham art a tendency towards an illusory beauty which is rather different from the magnificent and lively beauty of the Group A1 of the My Son style, but is closer to the Dong Duong style. Peculiar decorative motifs of this period are rows of full and round breasts of women, which are carved around the altars and walls. These breasts symbolize Urogia Goddess (Urogia means women's breast in the Cham language), who gave birth to the Cham nation. The towers belonging to the Binh Dinh and Muon style are rather imposing. Standing on top of hills, these structures have a majestic, cold and solitary beauty. Decorative patterns of animal statues are intricate but those of human ones are poor and rational. In My Son, there are two groups of towers, G and H, which symbolize the styles of Binh Dinh and Muon. According to the remaining stele inscriptions at these towers, group G was dedicated to Shiva Emperor Sri Paramabrahmaloka and Queen Gingian (they are parents of King Giaya Harivarman), as well as Harivarmesvana, who was responsible for protecting the life of the King. These groups are the only one in Cham art to be related to the inscriptions of the stele found on the spot, which dates back to 1157, and gives the exact time of the birth of the tower.

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